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debian [2012/03/21 21:38]
carl migration |
debian [2021/12/09 09:09] (current)
carl |
| Debian is the Operating System I use at home and used to use at work. | Debian [[gnulinux|GNU/Linux]] is the Operating System I use at home since 2001 and at work from 2001 to 2004. |
| |
| Official website: http://www.debian.org/ | Official website: http://www.debian.org/ |
| |
| As introduction, please read the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debian| entry]] at [[http://www.wikipedia.org/| Wikipedia]]. | |
| |
| ===== Distributions ===== | |
| There a 3 distributions at the same time: | |
| * unstable (sid) with the latest versions of the softwares | |
| * testing | |
| * stable | |
| | |
| ==== Backports ==== | |
| Backports are ports from software coming from unstable or testing for stable. | |
| |
| * http://www.backports.org/ | |
| * http://debian.home-dn.net/ | |
| |
| ==== Repositories ==== | |
| * http://www.apt-get.org/ where to find unofficial packages | |
| * http://www.dotdeb.org/ unofficial packages for [[PHP]], [[MySQL]], [[qmail]] | |
| |
| ===== Package management ===== | ===== Package management ===== |
| * command line with apt (cf. [[http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto/| APT HOWTO]]) | * command line with apt (cf. [[http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto/| APT HOWTO]]) |
| * text menu with aptitude (or command line) | * text menu with aptitude (or command line) |
| * GUI with [[http://articles.linmagau.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=viewarticle&artid=389&page=1| synaptic]] or gnome-apt | |
| * [[http://www.argon.org/~roderick/apt-pinning.html| Using APT with more than 2 sources]] | * [[http://www.argon.org/~roderick/apt-pinning.html| Using APT with more than 2 sources]] |
| * [[http://www.pthree.org/2007/08/12/aptitude-vs-apt-get/| aptitude vs apt-get]], 12/08/2007 | * [[http://www.pthree.org/2007/08/12/aptitude-vs-apt-get/| aptitude vs apt-get]], 12/08/2007 |
| |
| ===== Documentation ===== | ===== Documentation ===== |
| * [[http://people.via.ecp.fr/~alexis/formation-linux/| Formation Debian GNU/Linux]] par Alexis de Lattre, sans aucun doute la meilleure ressource en français | * [[https://formation-debian.viarezo.fr/|Formation Debian GNU/Linux]] par Alexis de Lattre, sans aucun doute la meilleure ressource en français (seul problème : dernière mise à jour : 2013) |
| | |
| ===== Articles ===== | |
| * Fully Automatic Installation (FAI) | |
| * [[http://www.linuxplanet.com/linuxplanet/tutorials/5667/1/| Rolling Out Unattended Debian Installations (Part 1)]]: Requirements and Overview by Carla Schroder, 06/12/04 | |
| * [[http://www.linuxplanet.com/linuxplanet/tutorials/5675/1/| Rolling Out Unattended Debian Installations (Part 2)]]: Giving Clients The Boot by Carla Schroder, 13/12/04 | |
| * [[http://www.howtoforge.com/server_monitoring_with_munin_monit_debian_etch| Server Monitoring With munin And monit On Debian Etch]], 24/04/07 | |
| | |
| ===== How to make Debian packages? ===== | |
| * http://www.kclee.com/clemens/unix/HowToCreateYourOwnDebianPackage.html (30/11/2002) | |
| * http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-debpkg.html (10/07/2003) | |
| * http://linuxdevices.com/articles/AT8047723203.html (24/10/2003) | |
| * [[http://women.alioth.debian.org/wiki/index.php/English/BuildingWithoutHelper| How to make a Debian package without using a helper]] (09/01/2005) | |
| * [[http://familiasanchez.net/~sanchezr/?page=debrepository| Automatic Debian Package Repository HOWTO]] | |
| * [[http://www.isotton.com/debian/docs/repository-howto/repository-howto.html| Debian Repository HOWTO]] | |
| * [[http://www.debian-administration.org/tag/building%20packages| building packages section]] of [[http://www.debian-administration.org/| Debian Administration]] | |
| | |
| === Tricks === | |
| * [[http://www.troudnez.net/article40.html| Quelques trucs pour Debian 3.0]]: aptitude, les versions Debian, compilation noyau, etc. | |
| * [[http://www.egs-howto.com/fr/systemes/Knoppix.php| Comment utiliser Knoppix pour installer une distribution Debian?]] | |
| * [[http://glasnost.beeznest.org/articles/77| Install a Debian Woody with GNOME 2.2 and OOo 1.1]] | |
| * [[http://www.debian-administration.org/| Debian Administration]] | |
| * [[http://lists.bxlug.be/pipermail/linux-bruxelles/2005-June/027666.html| Problème apt-get et dselect]] | |
| |
| ==== Comment obtenir la liste des packages installés? ==== | ==== Comment obtenir la liste des packages installés? ==== |
| <code>dpkg --get-selections | grep " install$"</code> | <code>dpkg --get-selections | grep " install$"</code> |
| |
| ==== Sid dans Sarge ==== | ==== ifconfig deprecated in Buster ==== |
| http://web.archive.org/web/20030708222323/home.bellsouth.net/p/s/community.dll?ep=87&subpageid=89775&ck=&userid=1&userpw=.&uh=1,0, | Replaced by |
| | <code>ip addr</code> |
| | [[https://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-missing-ifconfig-command-on-debian/|source]] |
| |
| <code>aptitude install debootstrap | ==== Find third-party software ==== |
| mkdir /sid-root | > The aptitude command might help you to find any 3rd party software package currently installed on your Debian system. |
| debootstrap sid /sid-root http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ | |
| #output: | |
| ... | |
| I: Base system installed successfully. | |
| umount: /sid-root/dev/pts: not mounted | |
| umount: /sid-root/dev/shm: not mounted | |
| umount: /sid-root/proc/bus/usb: not mounted | |
| |
| echo "proc-sid /sid-root/proc proc none 0 0" >> /etc/fstab | <code>sudo aptitude search '~i(!~ODebian)'</code> |
| mount proc-sid /sid-root/proc -t proc | |
| cp /etc/hosts /sid-root/etc/hosts | |
| chroot /sid-root /bin/bash | |
| # on est dans la geole | |
| #fix sources.list | |
| apt-setup | |
| # changer sarge en unstable | |
| vi /etc/apt/sources.list | |
| |
| # changer le password de root | [[https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-upgrade-debian-9-stretch-to-debian-10-buster|source]] |
| passwd root | |
| |
| #pour avoir un login sur F10 | ==== Problème de son pour un utilisateur ==== |
| # attention: pas dans la geole! | Il arrive qu'un utilisateur ne puisse pas faire fonctionner le son (alors que pour les autres utilisateurs, il n'y a pas de problème). Il y a plusieurs choses à vérifier : |
| echo "10:23:respawn:/usr/sbin/chroot /sid-root "\ | * l'utilisateur est-il dans le groupe //audio// ? Pour vérifier : |
| "/sbin/getty 38400 tty10" >> /etc/inittab | <code>groups user</code> |
| init q</code> | * si ce n'est pas le cas, l'ajouter, puis rebooter : |
| | <code>sudo adduser user audio</code> |
| | * vérifier que le son n'est pas sur //mute// dans alsamixer (s'il y a "MM" sous le potentiomètre, appuyer sur la touche M pour qu'il ne soit plus en sourdine) |
| | <code>alsamixer</code> |
| | * pavucontrol : vérifier que la sourdine (mute) n'est pas activée ; c'est un outil graphique qu'on peut lancer de la ligne de commande : |
| | <code>pavucontrol &</code> |
| |
| ===== Links ===== | ===== Links ===== |
| |
| * [[http://www.dccalliance.org/| Debian Common Core]] | |
| * [[http://meetings-archive.debian.net/pub/debian-meetings/2007/fosdem/| Présentations Debian au FOSDEM 2007]] (en anglais) | * [[http://meetings-archive.debian.net/pub/debian-meetings/2007/fosdem/| Présentations Debian au FOSDEM 2007]] (en anglais) |
| | |
| | ===== Installing ===== |
| | * [[debian:buster|Debian 10 buster]] |
| | * [[https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/debian-26/how-to-provide-non-free-firmware-files-to-the-debian-jessie-installer-4175542680/|How to provide non-free firmware files to the Debian Installer]]: this is for Jessie, I suppose it is very similar with more recent versions |
| | |
| | ===== Backports ===== |
| | Ajouter 2 lignes dans /etc/apt/sources.list : |
| | <code>sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list</code> |
| | |
| | Les 2 lignes à ajouter sont les suivantes (retirer les commentaires # si nécessaire) : |
| | <code>deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-backports main #contrib non-free |
| | #deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free</code> |
| | |
| | Ensuite, faire une mise à jour : |
| | <code>sudo apt update |
| | sudo apt ugrade</code> |
| | |
| | Installer un paquet ("package-name") dans backports : |
| | <code>sudo apt -t bullseye-backports install package-name</code> |
| | |
| | [[https://www.how2shout.com/linux/how-to-install-and-use-backports-in-debian-11-bullseye/|Source]] |
